Autism or Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASD) is a range or spectrum of disorders that affects individuals to varying degrees. It is a life long disorder that is normally diagnosed in early childhood. The most widely accepted definition of Autism was formulated by Wing and Gold (1978) who identified a Triad of impairments in people with Autism.

• Impairment of social relationships

An individual might not display appropriate behaviour in social situations due to a lack of perception. Someone with Autism might find it difficult to form and maintain friendships, as he or she has difficulty understanding the feelings of another person.

• Impairment of social communications

An individual might have difficulties with both verbal and non-verbal communication. For example, they might have monotonous speech tones, unusual intonation and facial expressions or repeat phrases. Another individual might have adequate language skills, but could be unable to understand conversations.

• Impairment of imagination.

A person with Autism may lack creativity, have obsessive interests, practice repetitive rituals or have an inability to pretend. He or she might also have trouble coping with change or unfamiliar situations, or with planning for the future.

Autism arises as a consequence of the interaction of these three impairments, therefore all three must be evident to diagnose Autism. The degree to which an individual is affected by each of the three impairments can vary significantly. Some people with Autism demonstrate significant challenging behaviour, most need specialist support and care. Many people with Autism have ritualistic behaviours, insistence on routine and sameness, experience sensory sensitivity and can develop a passionate interest in a particular hobby. People with Autism can often have accompanying learning disabilities.

Autism affects people of all races, ethnic and socio economic backgrounds.

According to the National Autistic Society, over 500,000 people in the UK have an ASD. A study published in 2006 showed that as many as one in 100 children may have an ASD. It is four times more common in males than females.